Norse, Teutonic, or Scandinavian mythology Essay

   Thought (Hugin) and Memory (Munin) were the two ravens that went unto the world to observe and return to tell of what all men do, Driven by further search for knowledge, Odin begged Mimir, the wise, to allow him to drink from the well of wisdom, for this he consented to lose an eye. â€Å"Wounded I hung on wind swept gallows For nine long nights, Pierced by a spear, pledged to Odin, Offered myself to myself: The wisest know not from whence spring The roots of that ancient rood. They gave me no bread, they gave me no mead: I looked down; with a loud cry I took up the runes and I fell. † (The Elder Edda 56) Here we find Odin once more sacrificing himself for knowledge, In The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology it is said that Odin actually died on the gallows of Yggdrasil, that he traversed Nifleheim, or Hel in order to obtain the nine sacred runes, that seem to be extremely powerful as described in The Elder Edda. The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology adds yet another theory to Odin hanging himself, † The parallel between Odin’s voluntary death on Yggdrasil and the crucifixion remains striking. Odin was pierced with a spear and like Christ, cried out before he died†¦ there is little doubt that his hanging on the cosmic tree had pre-Christian origins and derived from ancient pagan worship. Odin had long been the god of the spear, the god of the hanged. † This could definitely be determined as less than speculation, seeing as we must rely on our sources and to this point one could say that this is a very valid and well thought out work. Regardless of minor differences in text again we must as they did default ourselves to the larger span of information. There were two different groups of gods in Scandinavian Mythology, The Aesir and the Vanir. Each having their own respective dwelling place, Asgard for the Aesir, and Vanaheim for the Vanir. Of the two, The Vanir have been said to be the older. â€Å"Unlike the warrior Aesir, the Vanir were a race of gods associated with fertility, wealth, and good weather. † (The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology 500) Among the Vanir were, Njord, the sea and fortune god, Skadi, the god of destruction, Freyja, the goddess of love, and Freyr the god of Fertility. Among the Aesir were, Odin, Balder, Bragi, Forseti Heimdall, Hodr, Thor, Tyr, Vili, Ve, Vidar, Frigg, Sif, and Idun. At one point in time there was a great war between these two branches of gods, yet both the Aesir, and the Vanir came to terms by exchanging several prominent gods of each side. The Vanir sent Njord, Freyr, Freyja, and Kvasir, while the Aesir sent Mimir, and Honir. The Vanir soon found that they got the bad end of the deal due to the fact that Mimir was the only one who knew what he was talking about, and that in his absence Honir, wasn’t really that bright. The Vanir then sliced of Mimir’s head and sent it back to Asgard, where Odin used Powerful magic to allow Mimir’s head to speak. Little else is known of the Vanir, they seemed to lose importance quickly after it was concluded that the war was resolved however it was noted that Vanaheim, was potentially unaffected by Ragnarok. This shows evidence of two religions colliding with Scandinavian and Germanic mythology. Revealing to us that Scandinavian mythology has most definately influenced by other ancient tales and stories. (Cherry, Vanaheim) Scandinavian mythology might have been the inspiration to several works of modern day literature. It is Nicole Cherry’s opinion that â€Å"Tolkien was very well acquainted with the northern mythos, as can be seen by the use of it in his books. The name of one of his main characters, Gandalf, is found in The Poetic Edda. Gandalf is, in some ways, reminiscent of Odin, the leader of the Norse pantheon. Even the name Middle-earth, the setting for Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, comes from Norse mythology. † There are several other modern day works of literature based on or derived from Scandinavian mythology as well, such as, The Ring of the Nibelung and The Nibelungenlied. These works, may well show the effect and legacy of Scandinavian Mythology in the World. Another notable element of Tolkein’s Lord of The Rings was his use of the ring itself to the Viings the ring meant wealth honor fame and destiny. It was in fact a tradition to give rings to neighboring countries, bringing to notice the ever prominent focal point of the Lord of the Rings. (Day 29) There is no Heaven or Hell in Scandinavian mythology, the only hope is to be brought up to Asgard by a Valkyrie or â€Å"Battle Maiden†. Even then those chosen or the Einherjar (The Heroic dead) faced defeat at Ragnarok in the Final Battle on the Vigrid Plain. This may be unlike any other focal point of religion known. It reasons in many ways that the only way to gain honor is to die in battle unfaltering. Scandinavian Mythology, although comparable to other religions or other pagan beliefs is an original and unique work of the Norwegians, Swedish, Icelandic, and Danish peoples of Europe. Hamilton describes it justly by saying, † Asgard, the home of the gods, is unlike any other heaven men have dreamed of. No radiancy or joy is in it, no assurance of bliss, it is a grave and solemn place, over which hangs the threat of inevitable doom†¦ the same is true for humanity†¦ this conception of life which underlies Norse religion, as somber a conception the human mind has ever given birth to†¦ A heroic death†¦ is not a defeat, but a triumph. † Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE JRR Tolkien section.   

History of National Wildlife Federation

The National Wildlife Federation was founded in 1936 by editorial cartoonist J.N. Darling. It was founded when President D. Roosevelt convened the first North American Wildlife Conference to stimulate public interest in America's land, water and natural resources. After that the General Wildlife Federation (later changed to the National Wildlife Federation) was founded. It is the nation's largest member-supported conservation group, with over 4 million members and supporters and 46 state affiliate organizations. The NWF unites many individuals, organizations, businesses and government agencies to protect wildlife, places, and the environment that we all depend on. Through many of their field offices they educate, assist and inspire people from all over to conserve wildlife and other natural resources and protect the Earth's environment in order to achieve a peaceful and sustainable future. Sixty-three years after being founded, the NWF's primary focus remains education. They provide many book's, magazines and nature programs that provide information to children and their families to bring them closer to nature and show them how to protect it. They provide many tools for individuals to conserve as much as they can at home, on campus, and in everything that they do. They also work with America's lawmakers, political leaders, business leaders and activists about environmental problems and work with them to find effective, common sense solutions. The NWF offers environmental education programs in communities, in the outdoors, and in the classroom: The Backyard Wildlife Habitat program aids and encourages landscaping with the needs of wildlife and the health of the environment in mind. Through this the NWF has certified over 20,000 properties worldwide. NWF's Campus Ecology program helps students, faculty and administrators obtain resources, tools and consultation to facilitate the establishment of campus-based conservation projects and help develop the next generation of environmental leaders. Youth and Teen Programs offer young teens and adults a chance to study about nature, learn outdoor skills and gain environmental knowledge. Nature Link program increases public awareness and appreciation of the outdoors by providing families with weekend excursions centered on environmental conservation. Conservation Summits are the NWF's outdoor adventure and education experience group. People of all ages can immerse themselves into many destinations through field trips, classes, special presentations and daily youth programs. NWF's Animal Tracks program offers online and printed conservation education materials geared for grades K-8 to assist teachers in instructing children about the environment and how to care for it. NWF's National Wildlife Week program brings free conservation materials to more than 620,000 teachers who reach more than 20 million students. It also provides information through its magazines, television and movie productions and it's World Wide Web Homepage. Some of the specific activist projects include the following: – Fertility on the Brink: Toxic Pollution Prevention – Wetlands Threats Education Materials At this moment some of the projects that the NWF is working on include: Â · Restoring strong protections for endangered sea turtles killed in shrimp trawl nets. Â · Give citizens the power to nominate specific rivers, lakes or coastal waters as Outstanding National Resource Waters to protect special waters in their communities. Â · Sources of polluted runoff water and airborne toxins should be allowed to design and obtain approval of site specific plans that are most cost efficient for that source. Â · Toxic chemicals linked to hazardous health effects must be phased out. Â · Conduct more research on the reason why amphibian populations are experiencing gross deformations, rapid population decline and sometimes complete extinction in even the most untouched ecosystems.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 9

Case Study - Essay Example The firm has asked for my advice regarding possible growth strategies other than franchising. In evaluating possible strategies, I evaluate Armellini’s growth objectives; analyze Armellini’s internal strengths and weaknesses and its external opportunities and threats; develop relevant conclusions; and then offer specific recommendations. By definition, a strategy is an action plan to achieve a certain objective. So in order to suggest possible growth strategies, I must understand the firm’s objectives, especially those that have been agreed to between Armellini ownership (Armellini family) and top management (Helen Patterson). The case mentions only three overall business objectives that have been expressly agreed to: These objectives present several problems in fashioning appropriate growth strategies. First, only the third objective definitively addresses Armellini’s business growth; the others may affect the nature and quality of growth, but that is not entirely clear. Next, there are no financial objectives mentioned despite the recent precipitous decline in financial performance. Third, each objective is extremely vague; in order to serve as a guide to action plans, well-developed objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely (SMART). Finally, these objectives ignore two critical standards for good business objectives: that they aim to create sustainable competitive advantage and build value for business owners. When crafted well, such objectives would reinforce each other, with competitive advantage leading to improved financial performance and value, and improved financial performance providing financial resources to invest in growth opportunities that promote competitive advantage. In light of these problems, in the following analysis I will also consider other growth objectives that would be appropriate to recommend to Armellini along with recommended growth strategies. These other

Peachtree Heathcare Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peachtree Heathcare Paper - Essay Example Minimal time to implement the system is caused by increased instability of the system, which might affect quality of patient care (Glaser, 2001). The Peachtree HealthCare has two viable options to this challenge. This is either implementing the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) system or a Monolithic based system. The SOA system is flexible and its implementation takes place in stages in order to reduce the risk of failure. There is a potential deal to this system though new and unpredictable in the industry. The Monolithic system is a full unification of the entire healthcare facilities into a single entity with multiple branches through standardization of the whole business. Four major commentaries exist concerning these two systems. These are George C. Halvorson (CEO), Monte Ford (CIO), Randy Heffner (service-oriented architecture) and John A. Kaster, a professor of medicine(Glaser, 2001). Personal opinion My opinion on overcoming these challenges posed by the IT infrastructure is that a clear assessment of the situation and analysis of an optimal solution should be considered. Importantly, the business model of the hospital system, its strategies and the impact of the system to the organization should be viewed critically. Additionally, reliability, security of a new system, implementation and the process of service delivery should be considered. Evaluation of the available choices to Peachtree HealthCare and focusing on particular issues to its business and IT system may provide the best solution. The main specific issues that face Peachtree include the absence of standardization throughout the various locations and related problems associated with healthcare and standardization. A business model and strategy will therefore dictate the requirements of the IT system. Hence, it’s importantto consider them first.Factors such as flexibility, scalability, cost and efficiency are vital evaluation criteria of choosing the viable IT system(Glaser, 2001). A monolithic system allows the implementation of standard procedures across hospitals with minimal chances of failure. The monolithic approach is not new compared to the SOA system hence its challenges, costs and to some level, its benefits are well known in the setting of a healthcare. A monolithic system reduces the chances of failure by reducing the risk through sticking to its schedule and resisting change. Despite this, a poorly planned system is prone to fail and thus makes even the monolithic system to be risky. Use of a monolithic system reduces risk though it locks doctors into standardized procedures thereby decreasing the quality of care. Therefore, myopinion was that a monolithic system should be implemented to remedy the IT challenges faced by Peachtree. This is because SOA system will be extremely expensive to Peachtree(Glaser, 2001). However, after reading the commentaries of the four professionals,I changed my opinion on various grounds. First, I recognized the main concern to be the resistance by the doctors regarding standardization and a new system as brought forward by John A. Kaster. He claims that the monolithic system will make surgery almost impossible while the SOA system will fail unless well planned.The use of an IT system

Income statement and balance sheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Income statement and balance sheet - Essay Example The business community has more accumulated wealth that the governments of the over 200 countries in the world combined.There are thousands of publicly traded companies been traded on Wall Street and international markets such as the London Stock Exchange every day. Due to the importance of these capital markets there is a need for professionals dedicated to financial reporting. Publicly traded companies have to prepare financial statements every accounting period. The normal accounting period is one year, but most companies also release quarterly financial statements. The four major financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flow, and statement of stockholders equity. These four financial statements are included in the Annual Report of corporations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and describe the income statement and the balance sheet. The income statement and the balance sheet are two interrelated statements. The outcome of the income s tatement affects the equity account of the balance sheet. The income statement is a financial report that provides information regarding the profitability of the company during an accounting period. The top figure in the income statement is sales. Sales are very important because they provide the economic asset needed to operate a business. The sales of the company are subtracted by the cost of goods sold. The subtraction of those variables is the gross profit. At the bottom of the income statement the operating expenses and taxes are subtracted from gross profit to arrive at net income. The income statement is a very valuable report because it indicates how well a business operation is doing in terms of financial success. The income statement reports the revenues and expenses of an enterprise during a natural or fiscal year. The top and bottom figures of the income statement are the two numbers investors look for which are sales and net income. The higher the figure of net income t he better off a company is financially. Net incomes help companies accumulate capital. The net income figure is transferred from the balance sheet to the stockholder’s equity section. The second major financial statement is the balance sheet. The balance sheet is considered a statement of position. This means that the figures illustrated in the balance are the account balances at a specific point in time. The three major components or categories within the balance sheet are assets, liabilities and stockholder’s equity. The internal structure of the balance sheet follows the logic of the basic accounting equation. The basic accounting equation states that assets are equal to liabilities plus stockholder’s equity. An asset can be defined as an item of economic value owned by an individual or corporation (Answers, 2011). The assets in the balance sheet are listed in order to liquidity. The most liquid asset is cash. Equipment and machinery are two examples of asset s. Machinery is a fixed asset that can be used to generate revenues. Assets can also be converted to cash by selling them. The liabilities of a company are short and long term obligations to financial institutions such as banks. It is preferable for a company to have a low level of debt. Debt instruments can be used to finance expansion projects. The debt section of the balance sheet is divided into short and long term liabilities. The last segment of the balance sheet is the equity section. The balance sheet and the income statement are prepared once the accounting department completes the accounting cycle. These two financial statements are extremely valuable pieces of information for the user of financial information. It is mandatory for public companies to release the financial statements at least once a year. The regulatory agency that foresees the financial actions of public corporations is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The data in the balance sheet and income statement can be used by financial analyst or anyone with financial knowledge to perform ratio, trend,

Multivariate Data Analysis - Factor Analysis Assignment

Multivariate Data Analysis - Factor Analysis - Assignment Example There are different variables affecting the marketing studies like product price, product size, product weight, product composition, color, etc. These variables will make the customers to buy the products. The information for factor analysis in marketing studies is collected through the market surveys or by focusing a group. By these surveys, the company can know about their product variability. They can understand about their products in the market and they can discuss what are the factors affecting the customer’s product purchase. The increased competition in the market makes the companies hire new strategies that will please the customers. The companies like to retain their existing customers as they will be loyal to them. They know it is easy to handle the loyal customers than the new ones, who are ready to pay high amount also. But the profit will decline if the existing customers go for other options. If they are not satisfied they will really wish to change their existing brands and go for new ones. The surveys, observation and focus group are some of the methods used in marketing analysis. The variables used in these surveys will include the companies’ full services to the customers. They are not only dealing with the product that they buy, but also with the location of the store, parking availability, etc. There will be different type of customers and they are classified into different categories like younger ones, older peoples, ladies, etc. These customers have different type of options to select their product and the company has to focus on the needs of these peoples. The customer mainly relies on the factor of satisfaction; both with the quality and service. This makes better sales happen and it provides a loyal customer to the company. These factor analysis results will show the importance of relationship between different factors. Some factors

Discuss the role of craft and decoration in C.H. Townsend's Essay

Discuss the role of craft and decoration in C.H. Townsend's Whitechapel Art Gallery (1901) what kind of social ambitions do th - Essay Example He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire and started his architectural career as a draftsman in London. He later branched off to his own in 1877 and built connections with RIBA and the Art Workers Guild. He became the Master of the Art Workers Guild in 1903. It has been argued that he might have been the only English Architect to have worked in Art Nouveau. However, Townsend considered himself an exponent of the freestyle movement of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Some of his buildings that stand out in style and originality include the Bishops Gate Institute, the Horniman Museum and the Whitechapel Art Gallery. The Whitechapel Art Gallery was a clear attempt by Townsend to showcase the spirit and ideals of the Arts and Crafts Movement. On the exterior, the building has a two tower feature that is a signature feature of Townsend’s architectural designs. It has a relatively wide frontage and it fits organically into the environment around it. Perhaps this imposing nature of the desig n was intended to portray the building as an important and authoritative structure in the East London area. By blending organically with the surroundings, the structure ably served its purpose of providing recreation for the locals without seeming pervasive. The main doors of the Whitechapel gallery go in at the street level. The placement of the doors is done in an asymmetrical way on one side. The large semi-circular light above them naturally takes the eye upwards leading to the impressive keyed arch on top. From the onset, the art gallery was designed for the people. Hence, by putting the doors to go in straight at the street level, Townsend projected the building as easily accessible. A person walking on the streets could instantly connect with the building and easily enter if interested. Also, the light on top of the door was a natural way of allowing a person’s eyes to wander and explore the other compelling feature of the building: the rounded, arched keyway. This dec orative and artistic piece purposively ushered a person into the art gallery in a subtle way. Suffice to say, the keyed arch is neatly tucked into the building and not protruding into the streets in an intrusive manner. This design made the building to feel like a natural fit into the surrounding area without seeming intrusive. The elaborate frontage design of the building was perhaps meant to make it standout in contrast with the railway stations that were already running in the place. The railway stations were uninviting and dull. Also, the underground trains were running through darkness in the tunnels. In contrast, the Whitechapel Art Gallery frontage was bright and welcoming. It opened quickly into a space where the mind could engage in a captivating journey. The frontage of the building was meant to act as an inducement for people to come into the gallery and explore the art pieces on exhibition. The design had the role of attracting passer-bys and engages their curiosity on t he things that they could find inside the gallery. In fact, the gallery attracted over two hundred thousand people during its first exhibition. The towers of the building are square in design but taper as they rise. At the top, the towers divide into four turrets with a larger turret in between. Previously, Townsend had a much more bold design that he showcased 1890s. The design of the towers projected the relationship between the earth and the

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Paraphrase - Essay Example This and other terms show the specificity expected whilst engaging in investigations that are science oriented. 1) question asking and problem definition: during scientific investigations, students should always be able to ask questions on underlying issues. In engineering cases, the questions should be so as to solve certain problems and aid in ideas. Questions should involve such steps as data collection, claims and designs. 2) development and use of models: NRC Framework (2012, p 58) indicates various steps in modeling ranging from simple/physical to abstract. models represent scientific systems under scrutiny and assist in answering some queries or raising ideas to be developed. models can also aid in developing data that is important in making essential contributions as well as for communication purposes. When models are compared with expected objects iteratively, they assist in bringing insight to the idea under development. 3) investigations: in the K12 years, it is essential that students get the chance to plan investigations and eventually carry them out. these should range from teacher-prescribed to personal ones. investigations in fields of science are mainly to test theories or for descriptions whilst in engineering, they are used to check on systems. in taking investigations in either of the fields, it is advised that the students should have preset goals. More so, the students should ensure that they support whatever they are claiming by providing data as proof. 4) Data Analysis and interpretation: data makes logical sense when it can show relations that can lead to a subsequent analysis of results. Therefore, raw data should be scientifically worked on in the desired way for it to be of help. This assists the scientist or the engineer to use the data as evidence. This practice is important to both scientists and engineers as both fields require evidence in practice. For an engineer, for example, properly analyzed

Marketing in the United States Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing in the United States - Article Example From this study it is clear that due to this fact, the article describes the changes that are currently observed in the marketing strategy. Most businesses are now shifting the focus of their marketing to this generation. This is in line with the responses to demographic changes of the market. This article is important in that it exposes the changes in the market that warrant changes in marketing strategy. To reach a large population, any marketer must be aware of demographic changes in the market and seek to focus attention on the most viable group. It also justifies the focus that most businesses are taking in advertisements, the internet. This generation will, therefore, be the main focus for many businesses in the present and the future. The marketing strategies should now focus on addressing the demographic changes.This paper discusses that despite the long-held perceptions that the millennial generation is indecisive, lazy and possibly inactive in the business, the marketers ar e now finding a new consumer generation in these individuals. The change is related to the fact that the millennial generation, which encompasses the young people in their twenties, forms the largest part of the American population. To achieve a considerably larger exposure of their products, the marketers are, therefore, focusing on this generation that is also easily reachable through the internet.

Qualitative Research Paper Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Qualitative Critique - Research Paper Example onal Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; and Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Health Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden† (Maimbowla, Yamba, Diwan, & Ransjo-Arvidson, 2003, p. 263) The investigators identified the study approach through explicitly defining the aim and noting that the study would entail conducting interviews, observation and field notes under the portion of data collection (Maimbowla, Yamba, Diwan, & Ransjo-Arvidson, 2003, pp. 265-266). The authors used a straightforward and comprehensible language that assisted in presenting relevant concepts and expounding on the approach. Likewise, relevant terms were appropriate defined under a heading entitled ‘Definitions’ which came after the Data Collection portion (Maimbowla, Yamba, Diwan, & Ransjo-Arvidson, 2003, p. 266). To achieve the aim of exploring â€Å"cultural childbirth practices and beliefs in Zambia as related by women accompanying labouring women to maternity units† (Maimbowla, Yamba, Diwan, & Ransjo-Arvidson, 2003, p. 265), the data collection method (use of interviews, observation and field notes, as indicated) and the data analysis techniques (use of EPI-INFO software to interpret quantitative information and the use of content analysis for the qualitative interpretation) (Maimbowla, Yamba, Diwan, & Ransjo-Arvidson, 2003, p. 266) were appropriate. These approaches effectively evaluated the results and the design incorporated screening factors that could adversely affect the outcome. The significant or importance of the study was not explicitly stated but the portion which was presented as ‘What this paper adds’ (Maimbowla, Yamba, Diwan, & Ransjo-Arvidson, 2003, p. 272) as value added information. The study’s potential contribution to nursing included illuminating health care practitioners on the role of cultural practices and beliefs during the pregnancy period (from prenatal to antenatal) as influential to

Physiological Psychology and Ocd Essay Example for Free

Physiological Psychology and Ocd Essay Physiological Psychology is as described by Kalat (1998) as the study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behaviour and experience. It is devoted to the study of brain functioning, how Neurons and Glia convey messages to one another and other parts of the body for it to function and work accordingly. Future studies of physiological psychology will help predict behavioural patterns in society and how brain functions can be â€Å"rewritten† through cognitive therapies .e.g. alcoholism, drug addictions. Kalat (1998) further goes onto explain that a Biological psychologist (physiological psychologist) try to answer four types of questions about any given behaviour, how it relates to the physiology of the brain (what parts of the brain are active) and other organs, how it develops within the individual, how did the capacity for this behaviour evolve and why did this behaviour evolve. Without the physiological understanding of how brain process work in relation to behaviour it is difficult to correctly diagnose a behaviour pattern and its cause. Kalat (1998) describes that â€Å"having a little anxiety can be useful†, however OCD is a condition in which there is excessive anxiety. OCD can be explained to a patient in simple physiological terms explaining the behaviour of the brain, for example: OCD patients often have a broken mechanism (being a synapse interaction) in their brain that would usually stop a thought once you have it. In an OCD patient it does not (stop the thought) – so the thought is allowed to revolve. This seems in description that it would sound more like a broken record than OCD really does, but that isn’t what really happens. OCD can be genetic but is most certainly physiological in nature. Without an understanding of brain functioning and how these neurons interact, how can psychologists work to alleviate the symptoms of the disorder? Research into the biological causes and effects of OCD has revealed a link between OCD and insufficient levels of the brain chemical, serotonin. Serotonin is one of the brains chemical messengers that transmit signals between brain cells. Serotonin plays a role in the regulation of mood, aggression, impulse control, sleep, appetite, body temperature and pain. For example persons with unregulated serotonin lead to destructive antisocial behaviour patterns, which society commonly experiences on a growing scale. All of the medicines used to treat OCD raise the levels of serotonin available to transmit messages. Without physiological psychological research into the effects that these medicines have on the brain society would lack the knowledge and understanding of how to diagnose and appropriately treat disorders such as OCD. Modern brain imaging techniques have allowed researchers to study the activity of specific areas of the brain. Such studies have shown that people with OCD have more than usual activity in three areas of the brain. These are: The caudate nucleus, specific brain cells in the basal ganglia, located deep in the centre of the brain this area of the brain acts as a filter for thoughts coming in from other areas. The caudate nucleus is also considered to be important in managing habitual and repetitive behaviours. When OCD is successfully treated with drugs or therapy, the activity in this area of the brain usually decreases. This shows that both drugs and a change in thinking can alter the physical functioning of the brain. The prefrontal orbital cortex, located in the front area of the brain the level of activity in the prefrontal orbital cortex is believed to affect appropriate social behaviour. Lowered activity or damage in this region is linked to feeling uninhibited, making bad judgments and feeling a lack of guilt. More activity may therefore cause more worry about social concerns. Such concerns include: being meticulous, neat and preoccupied with cleanliness, and being afraid of acting inappropriately. All of these concerns are symptoms of OCD. The cingulate gyrus, in the centre of the brain the cingulate gyrus is believed to contribute the emotional response to obsessive thoughts. This area of the brain tells you to perform compulsions to relieve anxiety. This region is highly interconnected to the prefrontal orbital cortex and the basal ganglia via a number of brain cell pathways. The basal ganglia, the prefrontal orbital cortex and the cingulate gyrus all have many brain cells affected by serotonin. Researchers believe that medicines that raise the levels of serotonin available to transmit messages may change the level of activity in these areas of the brain. Kalat (1998) offers the idea that drugs intended to control anxiety alter activity at amygdale synapses. â€Å"One of the amygdala’s main excitatory neuromodulators is CCK (cholecystokinin), which increases anxiety, and the main inhibitory transmitter is GABA, which inhibits anxiety.† Without physiological research into the how and why of brain function, people with disorders such as OCD would not be able to function â€Å"normally† within society. However this type of research and study is not limited just too diagnosing disorders in those with suspected behavioural problems but also allows insight into society as a whole and its interaction socially, emotionally and habitually. New and innovative studies through physiological research have shown that cognitive behavioural therapy can change activity in certain areas of the brain. The discovery could have important clinical implications on how talk therapies improve brain function and advance mental health. Researchers discovered significant changes in activity in certain regions of the brain can be produced with as little as four weeks of daily therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder as published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. â€Å"The study is exciting because it tells us more about how cognitive-behavioural therapy works for OCD and shows that both robust clinical improvements and changes in brain activity occur after only four weeks of intensive treatment,† said Saxena. Past studies using functional brain imaging studies of patients with OCD have demonstrated that elevated activity along the frontal-sub cortical circuits of the brain decreases in response to treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) medications or cognitive-behavioural therapy. However, clinical improvement of OCD symptoms was expected to require up to 12 weeks of behavioural therapy or medication treatment, the standard treatments for OCD. Only a handful of studies have looked at how therapy affects brain function, and all previous studies had examined changes over several months of treatment. Continual studies into physiological psychology will enhance clinical practises and provide a platform for more effective treatment of the symptoms related to this disorder. Saxena and colleagues at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA made two novel discoveries in their study of 10 OCD patients and 12 control subjects. â€Å"First of all, we discovered significant changes in brain activity solely as the result of four weeks of intensive cognitive-behavioural therapy,† said Saxena. â€Å"Secondly, these changes were different than those seen in past studies after a standard 12-week therapeutic approach using SRI medications or weekly behavioural therapy.† The researchers obtained positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the ten OCD patients both before and after they received four weeks of a therapy known as â€Å"exposure and response prevention,† which gradually desensitizes patients to things that provoke obsession fears or worries. However, the PET scans in this study also showed a significant increase in activity in an area of the brain called the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region involved in reappraisal and suppression of negative emotions. Increasing activity in this region corresponded to the OCD patients’ improvement in clinical symptoms after the four-week course of intensive therapy. It is possible to see the huge amount of information that physiological research has bought forth to society through just these examples alone. Physiological psychology is the study of the physiological basis of how we think, connecting the physical operation of the brain with what we actually say and do. It is thus concerned with brain cells, brain structures and components, brain chemistry, and how all this leads to speech and action. Further research as to how growing debilitating disorders such as OCD could be eliminated or drastically reduced in severity has weight in its importance. The research however does not stop with OCD diagnosis but has relevant importance to understand how we take in information in general from our five senses. Future studies based on OCD research could be more relevant than we think to other major issues facing society such as depression, drug addiction and mental health. It is imperative for governing bodies to fund education and research into the study of physiological psychology for this very reason. References: Kalat 1998 Biological Psychology Molecular Psychiatry Molecular Psychiatry 14, 197-205 (February 2009) | doi:10.1038/sj.mp.400213

The Most Satisfying Proportion In Todays Design Philosophy Essay

The Most Satisfying Proportion In Todays Design Philosophy Essay What is the most satisfying proportion in today design? The Greeks thought they knew. Their temples were designed according to certain rules relating to the golden section. (Which is what we, layman, know as the Divine Proportion, the Golden Proportion, the Golden Number or even the Golden hat Mean.) In the 13th century, Fibonnaci, an Italian mathematician, put it all down on paper. He said, the golden section or perfect proportion was 0.618034 to 1 (about 5 to 8). The Parthenon (a temple in the Athenian Acropolis that the Greeks built, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena) fits into Fibonnacis Golden rectangle. Incidentally, so do the pyramids at Giza. Does this make the Golden proportion a necessary rule to follow in design? In the 16th century, Leonardo Da Vinci wrote a book on geometric recreations called Divine Proportion. In 1948 Le Cobusier also wrote a book on mathematical proportioning. Others who have benefited this ratio are biologists, artists, psychologists and even mystics have pondered and debated on the basis of ubiquity and appeal. It is fair to say that the Golden Ratio has inspired thinkers of all disciplines like no other numbers in the history of mathematics. Throughout the generations, many architects have also searched for the golden rule of design, thinking that it is that of the Golden Ratio. However, their search is far from over. This is because mathematics alone will not tell you what the most eye-pleasing proportion for a buildings structure is. Proportion must be generically correct and determined by the nature of the material. In other words, it is one thing for stone, another for concrete, and something else for steel. This, we would discuss further in another segment. Present technology has also given architects and engineers unlimited range to compose new forms of design and exciting spaces. My stand is that the Golden Ratio is an important aspect in designing a building but it is not the most crucial. Besides having proportion in a building, functionality is also important. A creative design through the creative intuition of a designer will make the building outstanding. Renaissance Period The Golden Ratio is related to many things in the world today, not only during the times of Renaissance, LeCobusier and Alberti. It exists in architecture, art, music, design and even fashion. Since Renaissance, many artists and architects have proportioned their works to the Golden Ratio, especially in the form of golden rectangle, in which the ratio of the longer side to the shorter in the GR, causing this proportion to be aesthetically pleasing. Mathematicians have studied this because of its unique and interesting properties applying it to geometry. Since then, it has opened up doors for me how I view design and architecture and how it balances harmony to architecture design in this modern world. Others who have benefited this ratio are biologists, artists, psychologists and even mystics have pondered and debated on the basis of ubiquity and appeal. It is fair to say that the Golden Ratio has inspired thinkers of all disciplines like no other numbers in the history of mathematics. Body Presence of Golden Ratio Contribution of the Golden Ratio in architectural designs Le Corbusier is said to have contributed to many modern international style architecture, centering on harmony and proportion. Its faith in the mathematical order was closely bound by the GR and the Fibonacci series. He uses the GR in his modulor system for the scale of architectural proportion. He saw this system as a continuation of the long tradition of Vitruvius, and others who used the proportions of the human body, to improve the appearance and function of architecture. In addition to Golden Ratio, Le Corbusier based the system on human measurements, Fibonacci numbers and the double unit. He took Leonardos suggestion of the Great Ratio in human proportions to an extreme, he sectioned his model human bodys height at the navel with the two sections in the Golden Ratio, then subdivided those sections in Golden Ratio at the knees and throat; he used these Golden Ratio proportions in the Modulor system. The Villa Stein in Garches exemplified the Modular system. The Villas rectangular ground, elevation and inner structure closely approximate golden rectangles. Fractal Dimensions in modern architecture Recently, fractal dimensions have been calculated to be used frequently for Frank Lloyd Wrights and Le Corbusiers buildings. It can be found that both architects use the method of increasingly smaller rectangular grids. Frank Lloyd Wrights buildings display a self-similar characteristic over a wide range of scales (far and spaced versus micro small sizes), so those buildings are intrinsically fractal. However for this specific project, Wright was following the brilliant example of his teacher, Louis Sullivan. By contrast, Le Corbusiers architecture displays a characteristic over only two or three of the largest scales. In more detail, Le Corbusiers architecture is flat and straight, and therefore has no fractal qualities. A fractal dimension between one and two characterizes a design that has an infinite number of self-similar levels of scale, whereas the fractal dimension of Le Corbusiers buildings immediately drops to one. (Bovill, 1996. Salingaros, 1999.) The Golden Ratio as seen in painting Leonardo da Vincis illustrated yet another divine proportion in the infamous painting of Mona Lisa. Other equally well known painting which has made use of the Golden Ratio is The Sacrament of the Last Supper by Salvador Dali. The Golden Ratio as seen in our natural world The Golden Ratio is expressed in the arrangement of branches along the stems of plants and of veins in leaves and even to the skeletons of animals including their veins and nerves, to the proportions of chemical compounds and the geometry of crystals, to the use of proportion in artistic endeavours. From this, the Golden Ratio has become a universal law in strive to create completeness and beauty, with both nature and art, in structure, forms and proportions, organic and inorganic, in the human form. According to Volkmar Weiss and Harold Weiss the Golden Ratio also affects the clock cycle of brain waves, known as psychometric data. Relevance in Present Times Modernising the Traditional Intimate Relationship Between Architecture and Mathematics The traditional intimate relationship between architecture and mathematics has changed in the 20th century. Architecture students no longer need to have a mathematical background according to the article Architecture, Patterns and Mathematics by Nikos Salingaros. It may be promoting an anti-mathematical mindset. Mathematics is a science of patterns, the presence or absence of patterns in our surroundings influences how easily one grasp the concepts that rely on patterns. However, it has been seen that an increase in technological advances, rather especially in the area of environmental factors, has made mathematics almost redundant in architecture. Environmental psychologists know that our surroundings influence the way we think, so if we are raised in an anti-mathematical environment, then we would deem to subscribe more human qualities. This is not an argument about preferences or styles, it concerns more about a trained functionality of the human mind! An example to illustrate the meaning of functionality in the human mind is made by Christopher Alexander where: the need for lights from two sides of a room; a well-defined entrance; interaction of footpaths and car roads; hierarchy of privacy in different rooms of a house and etc. It speaks about specific building types, about building blocks that can be combined in an infinite number of ways. This implies a more mathematical and combinatoric approach to design in general. Alexandrine patterns represent solutions which repeat itself in time and space, thus relating to visual patterns transforming into other dimensions. A new concept: Organic Architecture In recent years, there has been a shift in architecture looking away from GR to other ways in which design can still have a sense of proportion by looking at nature for inspiration; the term given is Organic Architecture. The term organic architecture was coined by the famous modern architect, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), though never well expressed by his cryptic style of writing: So here I stand before you preaching organic architecture: declaring organic architecture to be the modern ideal and the teaching so much needed if we are to see the whole of life, and to now serve the whole of life, holding no traditions essential to the great TRADITION. Nor cherishing any preconceived form fixing upon us either past, present or future, but instead exalting the simple laws of common sense or of super-sense if you prefer determining form by way of the nature of materials Frank Lloyd Wright, written in 1939. Rules of Organic Architecture Architect and planner David Pearson proposed a list of rules towards the design of organic architecture. These rules are known as the Gaia Charter for organic architecture and design. It reads: Let the Design: be inspired by nature and be sustainable, healthy, conserving, and diverse. unfold, like an organism, from the seed within. exist in the continuous present and begin again and again. follow the flows and be flexible and adaptable. satisfy social, physical, and spiritual needs. grow out of the site and be unique. celebrate the spirit of youth, play and surprise. express the rhythm of music and the power of dance (Pearson, 2001) While Organic Architecture does describe some form of individuality, it also expresses our need to connect the designs, we create, to Nature. Using Nature as a fundamental for design, from there a building or design must grow, as Nature grows, from the inside out. Many architects design their buildings as that similar to a shell and force their way inside. Nature grows from the idea of a seed and reaches out to its surroundings. A building thus, is akin to an organism and mirrors the beauty and complexity of Nature. Where the Golden Ratio Fits In However, in the research that I have done on this topic, many of the historic scholars who devoted their entire lives to studying the GR has always studied nature for inspiration and they derived the GR from nature itself. Modern architects who claim to move away from the GR as it is too conformist and look towards nature for their inspiration for proportion instead still end up following the GR as it was from studying nature that led to the discovery of GR. Hence the continuing relevance of GR in todays architecture. How the Golden Ratio is evident in our everyday lives The Golden Ratio seen in Music Rhythm is everywhere in nature, at every scale from cosmic phenomena to the oscillations of atoms. Our every cell has its own clock, governing its own repetitive rhythms. Time itself, once measured by the motion of earth, sun and stars, is now defined, less memorably, as 9,192,631,770 oscillations of a single atom of an obscure metal. At the scale of the biosphere, the fidelity of replication in the genetic system is such that no more than about 200 errors are made in copying the 300 million bases strung into the chromosomes that hoard the design of our bodies. Without those errors, however, there could be no change and so no evolution. With this is mind, we shall now look at how rhythm ties in with the GR. Much of the rhythm and movement and design of our bodies and normal everyday life experiences all tie in with the Golden Ratio, how we perceive an object and whether we find it pleasing all goes back to the Golden Ratio. Because it is the one of the universal constants that allow for the interactions between all things on earth, it continues to hold relevance in our lives, regardless of the advancements in technology, which in fact is actually discovering more and more how life and design is so intimately associated with the Golden Ratio. Architectural evidence of the Golden Ratio Take a look at modern architecture and you will soon realize that the last decades have produced an increasing number of buildings with exotic shapes. Of course, also in earlier times the design of buildings has been influenced by mathematical ideas regarding, for instance, symmetry. Both historical and modern developments show that mathematics can play an important role, ranging from appropriate descriptions of designs to guiding the designers intuition. C Case study Case Study One: Republic Poly Technology of Singapore by Fumihiko Maki Fumihiko Maki designed the new campus attempting to preserve the green qualities and the topography of the original site introducing landscape elements that contrast with the natural widerness and strengthen the sense of place based on Golden Ratio. Case Study Two: Palladios Villa Rotunda. The Villa Rotonda is symmetrical on all axes, including diagonals. Any architect will tell you this is hard to do, much less sell to a client; even Palladio only did it once, probably just to see if he could. Palladio based his design on simple progressions in the Fibonacci series leading to the Golden Mean. This is also hard to do. Case Study Three: Taj Mahai In India, the Golden Mean was used in the construction of the Taj Mahal, which was completed in 1648. http://archgeom.blogspot.com/2010/03/golden-section-in-taj-mahal.html Case Study Four: CN Tower in Toronto The CN Tower in Toronto, the tallest tower and freestanding structure in the world, has contains the golden ratio in its design. The ratio of observation deck at 342 meters to the total height of 553.33 is 0.618 or phi, the reciprocal of Phi! Case Study Five: California Polytechnic State University The College of Engineering at the have plans for a new Engineering Plaza based on the Fibonacci numbers. 4.2. What I have perceived until this moment In my analysis, GR forms the basis of understanding of architecture, however it is not the entirety. Because form follow function, function plays an important part of the architectural design because without understanding the functionally of form, it is not possible to develop a building of good use, for example a good architect must be able to understand the utility of function. For example,the architect must know how many rooms a house needs, whether a swimming pool is required or a badminton court needed. After a form is selected and function must go beyond the concerns of biotechnical materialism. The creative architects must go beyond utility technical knowledge to an awareness of experiential associations and symbolic meanings that lies behind the visible form. Beauty in design is not guaranteed when all of the above is satisfied. Some intuition is required by the architect and an outstanding design depends also in skill and intuition with functionality. Therefore, the great architect of age and every culture, the basis of which is mathematical.

Impact of the English Civil War (1642â€1651)

Impact of the English Civil War (1642–1651) The English Civil was an important part of English Revolution in 17th Century. It was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. It lasted ten years-from 1642 to 1651. According to the opinions of the historians, the English Civil war in 17th century could be divided into two parts: the first English Civil war and the second English Civil War. At last, the Parliamentarians won the war. It caused a big change in English political system. The parliamentarians and the royalists stood for the benefits of different people. The parliamentarians stood for the benefits of the new bourgeoisies, new nobles, yeomen, and most of the commons.  [2]  The royalists stood for the benefits of the king, the old nobles, the priests and the bureaucrats and the magnates. With the development of the economy, the conflicts between them became more serious. England was one of the blankets of Capitalism.  [3]  Since the 13th century, many nobles and people who had money began to buy lands and managed their farms. Many farmers who lost their lands became the main labors for the development of the capitalism. Many farmers worked in one farm, and the products of the farm will go to market directly. Besides the agriculture, the commerce and industry got a great development. With the development of the economy, bourgeois became an important part of the society. However, under the reign of the king, the economy developed very slowly. The feudality blocked the development of the economy. In addition, Charles I levied upon heavy tax from the citizens for his luxurious life and the war. More and more people opposed the reign of Charles I. Charles I did not care the people, and continued to carry out his policies. He even decided to break the parliament. The conduct of Charles I had enraged people. Rebellions happened in many places. In November, 1641, the parliament made and passed a document to accuse the bad conduct of Charles I, and required him to give industry and commerce freedom.  [4]  The most important point of this document was that the government should listen to the parliament. However, Charles I did not agree with this kind of document. To response the rebellion, he captured the members of the House of Commons, but he failed at last. Further negotiations by frequent correspondence between the King and the Long Parliament through early summer proved fruitless. In August 22, 1642, Charles I declared to crusade against the members of the Parliament who rebelled him. This thing caused the first English war between parliamentarians and royalists. Comparing the powers of the two camps, the camp supporting parliament was in dominant position. The areas the parliament controlled were developed. Four fifths of the tax was got from these areas.  [5]  Most of the people support the parliament. In addition, the army of the parliament controlled important harbors and navy. However, the parliament was in a hard condition in the beginning. To change the bad condition of the war, in 1645 Parliament reaffirmed its determination to fight the war to a finish. It passed the Self-denying Ordinance, by which all members of either House of Parliament laid down their commands, and re-organized its main forces into the New Model Army (Army), under the command of Sir Thomas Fairfax, with Cromwell as his second-in-command and Lieutenant-General of Horse.  [6]  At the Battle of Naseby on 14 June and the Battle of Langport on 10 July, the Parliamentarians effectively destroyed Charles armies. Charles was eventually handed over to the English Parliament by the Scots and was imprisoned. This marked the end of the First English Civil War. After the First English Civil War, the royalists were hurt seriously. The power fell into the hand of the Presbyterianism. All polices they made were for their own benefits. Most of the peoples rights were not protected, and their bad conditions of life were not changed. They thought the first English Civil War was not the end of the revolution. They decided to continue the revolution until their rights and benefits were protected.  [7]  At the same time, Charles I negotiated a secret treaty with the Scots, on 28 December 1647. Under the agreement, called the Engagement, the Scots undertook to invade England on Charles behalf and restore him to the throne on condition of the establishment of Presbyterianism for three years.  [8]  Then, he used all kinds of methods to encourage people to rebel. Suddenly, a series of Royalist uprisings throughout England and a Scottish invasion occurred in the summer of 1648. The second English Civil war broke out. Parties of revolution seek to cooperation to fight the war. During the second war, the army of the parliament conquered every difficulty, and succeeded at last. The second English war ended with the victory of the parliament. Charles I was sent to the court of trial. At the end of the trial the 59 Commissioners found Charles I guilty of high treason, as a tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy.  [9]  He was beheaded on 30 January 1649. Shortly after the Kings execution, Parliament abolished the office of the King and the House of Lords. It declared that England shall be governed as a Commonwealth. Commonwealth was established in England. The government ruled by elected representatives of the people. But Englands supposedly republican Commonwealth actually turned out to be a military dictatorship under Cromwell.  [10]  To protect his reign, he tried his best to clean up all threats. At last, he brought Scotland and Ireland under English control. His armies swept though both countries and put down all resisting forces.  [11]   English Civil War is a great fight between parliamentarians and royalists. During the war, the new nobles and the bourgeoisies held the leadership, and most of the common people supported them to fight. That assured the victory of the parliamentarians. The victory of parliamentarians ended the reign of dictator. New nobles and bourgeoisies take the power of the nation. The right of the King was abolished. England was declared to be Republic. Democracy was closer to Britain. It was the climax of English Revolution.  [12]   English Civil War was an important event in the history of British. Besides the political consequence, it had a great effect on the development of the military and the economy. During the English Civil War, Cromwell established advanced army. It improved the strength of the English army. The new nobles and bourgeoisies took the power of the nation. They could make policies that stood for the benefits of bourgeoisies. It promoted the development of capitalism. In addition, the victory of English Civil War encouraged the revolutions of other countries.

Strong Women of Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Strong Women of Othello  Ã‚   William Shakespeare often described the women in his plays as being strong, confident individuals, much different from the stereotypical roles of the time period in which he lived. In Much Ado about Nothing, the main character____(look up) ---{describe role}. Similarly, in Macbeth, {discuss role of Lady Macbeth} The women of Othello also displayed characteristics of strong, modern women. .... From the beginning of the play, we see that Desdemona is a courageous and decisive woman who pursues Othello, falling in love with his intrigued stories of adventure, seeing "Othello's visage in his mind, and to his honors and valiant parts..." refusing the attempts of other suitors such as Roderigo. We become aware of Desdemona's determination when she marries Othello, despite accusations from Iago that she is under a spell and is deceiving her father. When her fiancà © is accused of bewitching her, she immediately defends her love for him. "And so much Duty as my mother showed to you, preferring you before her father, so much that I may profess due to the Moor my lord". Like many of Shakespeare's other female characters, Desdemona does not embody the stereotypical role of sixteenth century women. When Shakespeare wrote Othello, women had few rights and little power in society. They had virtually no say in arranging their own marriages, and were expected to marry a suitor chosen by their father. Desdemona, however, despite proposals from various suitors and public discouragement, continues her pursuit of Othello, and marries him. Although she is "†¦bound [to her father] for life and education†¦" , she affirms her belief that she belongs with Othello, and has such great love for him, so much that "a heave interim shall support his absence" . Soon after their elopement, envious Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona has been unfaithful to him. Othello becomes enraged cursing Desdemona as a whore. When Othello questions her, we again see her strong sense of devotion, pleading for his trust rather than vehemently defending herself. "I hope my noble lord esteems me honest†¦ Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed?" However, her faith in Othello is so strong that it undermines her "modern", prideful characteristics. Consequently, Desdemona is really not as strong and educated as originally perceived, for she continues to attempt to maintain Othello's trust, despite his incredibly harsh accusations. Although her arguments remain strong, the weakness in her character emerges, for she cannot see the monster that her husband is becoming, and failing to realize that he trusts Iago, a man who is extremely competitive with him, over his very wife's word.

Essay example --

Paternalism John Stuart Mills is wrong when it comes to his rejection of paternalism. Mills is taking a position that is in line with that of classical liberalism which in many ways is in opposition to paternalism. This ideology only acknowledges the individual and does not take in account the larger society. Many do not like to be told what is right when it deals with something that does not affect anyone but themselves. The issue with this is that individuals are part of something. They are part of a family, community, city and nation. The impact of those choices might be seen as insignificant and not have relevance outside of their own lives but it is a small picture view and forgets about the big picture. Mills is right that paternalism is taking away liberties but those liberties affect others in ways that a person might see. Society should act as a parent to its individuals because they could cause weakness or issues that go beyond the realm of one’s own household. According to the harm principle that Mills seems to be a supporter of, hard drug bans are justifiable because drug usage does effect more than just the user in many ways. Most drug bans are in response to some perceived negative that the lawmakers saw and wanted to prevent or stop. There are times in history the reason for the ban was less than just but as a holistic perspective most of the time the substances caused problems that had very negative effects on communities. Many times, the purchase of the product comes from an illegitimate source. South American drug cartels and the Mexican cartels that many times transport the product across the border in the United States undermine the rule of law and public safety in those nations including the Unite... ... not fundamentally different when looking at the larger perspective from banning drugs like cocaine. Cocaine addiction and the other issues in this essay are all issues that different groups of people say should be individual liberties but have real impact negatively on the society around them. The issues of paternalism is that could be abused and made into tyrannical regime as Mill fears but there is a large difference from telling a motorcycle rider to wear a helmet to telling people they cannot voice political opinion. The argument is guilty of the slippery slope fallacy. As long the system has stated rights that cannot be infringed like the constitution does the in the United States this that slide to tyranny should be prevented in a society that is rooted by the concept of rule of law. We do not just exist as individuals but also as parts of society.

The Evil Character Medea in Euripides Medea Essay -- Euripides Medea

The Evil Character Medea in Euripides' Medea Euripides created a two-headed character in this classical tragedy. Medea begins her marriage as the ideal loving wife who sacrificed much for her husband's safety. At the peak of the reading, she becomes a murderous villain that demands respect and even some sympathy. By the end, the husband and wife are left devoid of love and purpose as the tragedy closes. In Medea, a woman betrays her homeland because of her love for a man. Jason is the husband that she ferociously loves and makes sacrifices for. They have two children together: Antigone and Ismeme. In Jason's quest for the golden fleece, Medea assists him in multiple ways. One of the things she does to help their cause is bring about the death of her own brother. Certainly this is a woman who would sacrifice anything for her husband. Weigel records the fierceness of Medea's passion in his critique: "As a woman of passion, Medea is wholly committed to Jason as the object of her emotional life, whether in love or hate. When she loved Jason she did not hesitate to kill her brothe... The Evil Character Medea in Euripides' Medea Essay -- Euripides Medea The Evil Character Medea in Euripides' Medea Euripides created a two-headed character in this classical tragedy. Medea begins her marriage as the ideal loving wife who sacrificed much for her husband's safety. At the peak of the reading, she becomes a murderous villain that demands respect and even some sympathy. By the end, the husband and wife are left devoid of love and purpose as the tragedy closes. In Medea, a woman betrays her homeland because of her love for a man. Jason is the husband that she ferociously loves and makes sacrifices for. They have two children together: Antigone and Ismeme. In Jason's quest for the golden fleece, Medea assists him in multiple ways. One of the things she does to help their cause is bring about the death of her own brother. Certainly this is a woman who would sacrifice anything for her husband. Weigel records the fierceness of Medea's passion in his critique: "As a woman of passion, Medea is wholly committed to Jason as the object of her emotional life, whether in love or hate. When she loved Jason she did not hesitate to kill her brothe...

Evil in the “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” by Robert L. Stevenson Essay

In the novel Robert L. Stevenson defined the nature of evil through the person of Mr. Hyde. He used his character to symbolize evil at its purest and truest form (â€Å"†¦Edward Hyde, alone, in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil† chap 10 p 2; â€Å"†¦one was wholly evil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  chap 10 p 3). In the first chapter (Story of the Door), Stevenson started to objectify the idea of evil as one characterized with intentions and acts that are always meant to hurt and destroy. He even gave it an unpleasant physical form which mirrors the ugliness of its nature. Mr. Enfield, the cousin of Mr. Utterson, remarked on this characteristic and quality of evil when he witnessed the cruel behavior of Mr. Hyde as he coldly trampled on a girl’s body he happened to ran over on one of the street corners of London (â€Å"†¦for the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground† p 14). Evil was also presented by Stevenson as monstrous and terrifying through the words and description of Mr. Enfield (â€Å"It wasn’t like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut†; â€Å"He was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running† p 14). Although Stevenson gave explicit reference to the hideousness of evil in the novel calling it ugly, hellish and other such names, he still touches on the ambiguity of evil which marks it eerily frightening-something that is felt through the senses but is somehow lacking with definiteness and steely finality (â€Å"He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something downright detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why. He must be deformed somewhere; he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldn’t specify the point. He’s an extraordinary- looking man, and yet I really can name nothing out of the way. No, sir; I can make no hand of it; I can’t describe him. And it’s not want of memory; for I declare I can see him this moment† p 17–Mr. Enfield gave this observation to Mr. Utterson after being asked by the latter to describe Mr. Hyde). This vagueness surrounding the nature of evil is echoed by Mr. Utterson after having had the opportunity to see Mr. Hyde in person (â€Å"`There must be something else†; â€Å"`There is something more, if I could find a name for it. God bless me, the man seems hardly human! Something troglodytic, shall we say? or can it be the old story of Dr Fell? or is it the mere radiance of a foul soul that thus transpires through† p 26). Mr. Hyde is identified as a symbol of evil through dastardly acts implemented without clear intentions (ex. revenge) and the slightest evidence of remorse and guilt. He carried out his evil ways with gleeful abandon and thoughtlessness. When Hyde murdered Sir Danvers Carew, Dr. Jekyll wrote in a torrent of confession towards the end of the novel that Hyde killed in a state of frenzy like a man whose reason has long been lost (â€Å"With a transport of glee, I mauled the unresisting body, tasting delight from every blow; and it was not till weariness had begun to succeed that I was suddenly, in the top fit of my delirium, struck through the heart by a cold thrill of tenor† p 88). The evil nature of man as conceived by Stevenson is one that is predisposed to the ‘undignified’ (â€Å"The pleasures which I made haste to seek in my disguise were, as I have said, undignified† p 82) lures and pleasures of the world. Mr. Hyde, in execution of the secret desires of Dr. Jekyll, carried the doctor’s hidden dark, carnal pleasures to malevolent, sinister level Dr. Jekyll could no longer control (â€Å"This familiar that I called out of my own soul, and sent forth alone to do his good pleasure, was a being inherently malign and villainous; his every act and thought centred on self; drinking pleasure with bestial avidity from any degree of torture to another; relentless like a man of stone† p 82). The evil that resides in Mr. Hyde is responded to in the novel with terror, aversion and hatred. Mr. Stevenson wants to convey the message that in its purest form man’s evil nature is despicable and thus should be treated with due derision and horror. Throughout the novel as the characters-Mr. Enfield, Mr. Utterson, Mr. Lanyon, and Poole- come face to face with the evil incarnate that is Mr. Hyde, they felt nothing for him and what he represented except repulsion and disgust (â€Å"This person (who had thus, from the first moment of his entrance, struck in me what I can only describe as a disgustful curiosity†; â€Å"At the time, I set it down to some idiosyncratic, personal distaste, †¦ but I have since had reason to believe the cause to lie much deeper in the nature of man, and to turn on some nobler hinge than the principle of hatred† p 69; â€Å"†¦there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very essence of the creature that now faced me – something seizing, surprising and revolting† chap 72- these were the personal reactions of Dr. Lanyon upon beholding Mr. Hyde in person; â€Å"Did I ever tell you that I once saw him, and shared your feeling of repulsion? † p 46-this was a query posed by Mr. Utterson to Mr. Enfield). Through the outgrowth of Mr. Hyde in the novel from the body and person of Dr. Jekyll, Stevenson seemed to be making the bold statement that evil lurks and lays hidden in each man. Stevenson proposed further that it is the character of evil to prey on the weaker, baser side of man, waiting and eager to pounce as soon as man entertains the idea of succumbing to the call and temptation of his darker nature just as Dr. Jekyll gave in to the lures and lurid passion of Mr. Hyde (â€Å"†¦my evil, kept awake by ambition, was alert and swift to seize the occasion† p 77). In his confession, Dr. Jekyll admitted that every time his good side weakens, Mr. Hyde comes out roaring, becoming increasingly stronger (â€Å"The power: of Hyde seemed to have grown with the sickliness of Jekyll†; â€Å"†¦and at every hour of weakness, and in the confidences of slumber, prevailed against him, and deposed him out of life† p 79;† I began to be tortured with throes and longings, as of Hyde struggling after freedom; and at last, in an hour of moral weakness, I once again compounded and swallowed the transforming draught p 94). Crystallized evil is characterized by Stevenson in the person of Mr. Hyde as one that does not heed the voice of reason and one that is more diabolical than the original evil contained in Dr. Jekyll (â€Å"I knew myself, at the first breath of this new life, to be more wicked, sold a slave to my original evil;† p 78).

Manchester United Ltd

1. 0 mental hospital Whether, we realized it or not, from the moment we argon brought in this solid ground and growing up in our ever soyday live we ar living in and going with a life a practiced of organization with a certain military commission and goal to achieve. We piece of ass take manything that is au accordinglytic tot everyyy close to our heart as an organization, our loved family. A family has a self-opinionated expression as an organization we curb our give who sit at the top and identify close of the important decision, our mother who is jiffy in command.And besides their children who assist in do the goal and purpose. Even conceit this is exclusively how I manipulate a triumphful organization, still what is real the heart and soul of organization thought the eye of a book. An organization defines as a systematic arrangement of concourse brought to purporther to master some specific purpose. A ballpark characteristic of organization ar arr est a distinct goal and purpose, settle people stooling together to accomplish certain objectives, a systematic body structure and an aim to serve the society. with this assignment we atomic number 18 going to look into an organization of a guild and look with all the characteristics in devising them an organization. For my organization I nourish chosen Manchester unite football game game game ordering confine as my election of organization. Almost all ruin of the worldly concern, where ever you step your feet in this world people allow recognize the orbicular cross mutilate of Manchester fall in so this include them as iodin of the great(p)gest organization in the world. The indicate I choose Manchester joined because of my heat for this night order and my enthusiasm in football as a leading mart in sport or possibly even the world.Other than that, Manchester fall in is besides a perfect family oriented comp all, where their responsibilities is not b atomic number 18ly for the possessor, bus and faculty but alike to the supporters and yellowish browns of the hostel who gave almost e very(prenominal)thing to our beloved club. They waste the obligate not moreover for the owner and packor but similarly to the loers. MANCHESTER get together FOOTBALL CLUB LIMITED 2. 0 Introduction The club was formed as northward Heath L&YR F. C. in 1878 as the works group of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot at newton Heath, changing its realize to Manchester join in 1902.Prior to the 2005 take over by the glassworker family the company had traded as Manchester unite plc on the capital of the united Kingdom stemma Exchange since 1991 and prior to flotation was registered as Manchester fall in football game order Limited. Manchester linked is unrivaled of the wealthiest and most widely supported football squads in the world. As of July 2011, the club is number one in Forbes magazines annual ranking of the worlds 5 0 most valuable sports teams, valued at $1. 86billion. 2. 1 Nature of traffic Manchester coupled business taxs come in from chief(prenominal)ly five sources 1.Match-day Income (money made from foot games with ticket sales and other tinct-day activities) 2. bargon Rights 3. Commercial Tie-ups (sponsorships, etc) 4. Merchandise 5. Catering Manchester get together main nature of business is football. Ticketing for football game matches play a big intermit in generating income for Manchester united. And with this venerable Trafford was build to view as football matches for Manchester united. With senescent Traffords having capacity boosted to 75,800. The crowds of more or less 250,000 should generate match day revenue of ? 2. 8m on each occasion, more than ? . 1m of that range of a function from corporate sales. And with match-day ticket prices having doubled since over the past few years, coupled moveful mark a bulk of their earning through ticket sales. As we all spang football match is play on video recording all around the world and Manchester joined is not excluded from this. In England the Football Association is the one liable in collectively sells TV rights for the English football club. Because higher league placement results in a greater plow of television receiver rights, success on the field generates greater income for the club.Since the inception of the Premier League, Manchester get together has accredited the largest sh ar of the revenue generated from theBSkyBbroadcasting coupled have also significantly income in their Commercial revenue, through sponsorship paws with AON and NIKE. Also the whopping ? 10m/yr training kit deal with DHL given that the AON deal for the jersey itself is ? 20m/yr. Manchester United has also consistently enjoyed the highest commercial income of any English club. The clubs commercial arm generated ? 51 meg. A key sponsorship relationship is with athletic wear companyNike, who manage the cl ubs merchandising deed as part of a ? 03 meg 13-year partnership established in 2002. ThroughManchester United Financeand the clubs membership scheme, angiotensin converting enzyme United, those with an affinity for the club can obtain a range of branded swells and service. Additionally, Manchester United-branded media services such(prenominal) as the clubs dedicated television channel,MUTV have allowed the club to expand its fan base to those beyond the reach of its Old Trafford stadium. Other than that, the opening of red devils cafe at the stadium and around the world helps in exploring a new soft of business and also revenues.Figure 1. 1 Manchester United Revenue source and percentages 2. 2 nation of origin. Manchester United was formed in Newton Heath, United Kingdom in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football club by the Carriage and Wagon section of theLancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot. but the club changed its divulge to Manchester United in 1902 and moved toOld Traf ford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom in 1910. 2. 3 How long has it been in business? Manchester United was formed is 1878 and it is still operate of as now. So the company have been in business for 134 years. . 4 How world-wide is the company. Manchester United globalization is a very special one indeed. Football main customers in business argon the fans, Manchester United is not just broaden England but across the world in that fact. precisely how did this happen? From a small railroad team into one of the leading global brand in the world. It all started in 1956, ManchesterUnitedbecame the inaugural English club to take part in the European cup, a competition that be think of all over the world, thru this showing the growing in the club and how it is started in graceful ore global and In 1968 ManchesterUnitedbecame the initiative English club to win the European cup and opening the eyes of people. Since that, Manchester United have been a hugely bossy force in the w orlds scene, in England, in Europe, and ultimately around the world. Another cogitate is the ownership of the club. ManchesterUnitedgenerally tended to be have by hundreds of shareholders, primarily from the UK and Ireland. barely in 2005, after J. P. McManusand JohnMagnier (two Irish men) sold their shares in the club to Malcolm glass cutter he brought his mail service in the club up to 75%, thus gaining control. glass-cutter is an American business tycoon, this contributed in the spread of Manchester Unitedto America. The globalization of ManchesterUnitedcan surely be seen through the companies that sponsor the club. push through of the 12 main sponsors of the club, not one is British, instead coming from America, Germany, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, China, Korea, Malaysia and the Middle East. We can also see the globalization thru the police squad Manchester united, out of 30 musicians, 17 are not from the UK, instead, coming from places such as Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Serbia and Bulgaria, amongst others.We take commonalty Ji sing as an example, a Korean player. Park is a mega star in his home country and thus has increase Manchester Uniteds fan base significantly in Korea, and Asia. But there were other events that contribute to the Manchester United Globalization such as the Munich parentage Disaster in 1958, were the Manchester united canvas crash after a match in Munich. People felt pitiable for the club and public heart was stirred thus creating more fan base. 2. 5 Market values Estimated value $1. 83 billion (? 1. 19 million)United have reaped the fiscal benefits of lucrative sponsorship deals with the likes of Nike and Aon, as well as a myriad of other income-generating endeavours such as their in-house television channel MUTV, which is soon beamed into over 190 million households oecumenic to secure themselves an estimated global value of over $1. 8 billion (? 1. 1 billion). United are thought to have upwards of 333 million follo wers across the world, with a core contingent of 139 million supporters 2. 6 Top management of the company possessor glass-cutter family via Red Football shareholder Limited136 * Honorary presidentMartin Edwards137 Manchester United Limited * Co-chairmenJoel Glazer&Avram Glazer138 * headway executiveDavid Gill138 * Chief operating officer Michael Bolingbroke138 * Commercial director Richard Arnold139 * Chief of Staff Ed Woodward140 * Non-executive directorsBryan Glazer, Kevin Glazer, Edward Glazer & Darcie Glazer138 Manchester United Football Club * DirectorsDavid Gill,Michael Edelson,Sir Bobby Charlton,Maurice Watkins140 * Club secretaryJohn Alexander141 Global ambassadorBryan Robson142 Coaching and medical staff * omnibusSir Alex Ferguson143 * Assistant managerMike Phelan144 * prototypal team coachRene Meulensteen145 * Goalkeeping coachEric Steele146 * fittingness coachTony Strudwick147 * Reserve team managerWarren Joyce148 2. 7 Shareholders. Malcolm Glazer is a US based bu sinessman who bought speed of light% of Manchester United PLC and delisted United from the capital of the United Kingdom Stock Exchange in 2005, through a holding company called Red Football. The Glazers leveragingd their first share of Manchester United on 2 March 2003, spending around ? million on a 2. 9% stake. On 26 September 2003, it was reported that he had increased his share to 3. 17%, winning his shareholding above the 3%. By 20 October, he had increased his shareholding to 8. 93%,and on 29 November it was reported that he owned around 15%. On 12 February 2004, Glazer increased his stake in the club to 16. 31% and the following days financial Timesreported that he had instructedCommerzbankto research a takeover bid. Glazer increased his shareholding to over 19% the following June, although he was still not the largest shareholder.His shareholding continued to increase, nearing 30% by October 2004. Upon reaching 30%, Glazer would have to launch a stately takeover bid. On 12 may 2005, Glazer reached an agreement withshareholdersJ. P. McManusandJohn Magnierto purchase their 28. 7% stake in the team, big(a) him a controlling stake with just under 57% of the teams shares. He then managed to secure the stake of the third largest stakeholder, sparing mining entrepreneur Harry Dobson, victorious his share to 62% of the club. Just hours later, Glazer had bought a further 9. 8% stake taking his total ownership to 71. 8%.On 16 May 2005, Glazer took his shareholding in Manchester United to 75%, allowing him to end the clubspublic limited company(PLC) status and delist it from theLondon Stock Exchange, which he did on 22 June. On 14 June 2005, Glazer successfully increased his share in the club to 97. 3%, sufficient for full control. On 28 June, he increased his share to 98%, enough for a absolute buyout of all remaining shareholders. The final evaluation of the club was almost ? 800million. 2. 8 Stakeholders Manchester United has a number of stakeholder s. Stakeholders are an mortal or group with a direct interest in an organisations actance.The main stakeholders are the employees, owners, customers, suppliers, financer, fans and the local residential district. Manchester United employees apart from the football players also consist of employees that are responsible in sales, marketing, communication, human resources and finance. These departments exist in football clubs as well as in traditional companies. From the employees their main interests are to get pay rises and to get make best(p) training, the team players for example want better training so they can perform better and more effectively.The fans main interests are, that Manchester United play good games, watch good players and win as much possible, and the owners get more profit. The main interests of the financers, example the sponsors wants to make sure there brand name gets advertised and their company logo is seen on the players shirts, they also want a team that wins the matches so that their company can be associated with a winning champion team. The suppliers are also stakeholders and their main interests are that Manchester united keep-purchasing products from them so they will be making lots of profits. . 9 Corporate social Responsibilities. The Clubs mission is to be the best football club in the world, both on and off the pitch. It also believes that Manchester United should be a part of the community in the widest sense and that its success should not only be metrical in the number of trophies it wins, but also by the impact it has on the community in which it exists. Manchester United as it has interpreted great strides towards achieving a number of off-field goals which have supported its ambition to be a socially integrated and responsible organisation.Manchester United is committed to tackling environmental and social issues at regional, interior(a) and international take aim, using the Manchester United brand to leverage su pport and compel awareness of the issues facing the planet. Here is some of Manchester United CSR program 1. Hub of the Community Hub schools are based in secondary schools deep down Partington, Wythenshawe and Salford. Each has up to 12 bird feeder primary schools and the structure of the programme allows for a long term relationship to be developed. The participants benefit from consistent provision with sessions organism delivered both within and in accessory to the curriculum. . Something to Chew On An interactive discombobulate aimed at teaching 7-8 year olds close their own health and wellbeing. 3. Premier handss Health Aims to use football to deliver key messages about health and encourage men over 18 to lead a healthier lifestyle. 4. KICKZ The seat has run KICKZ since 2006. The hear uses the power of football and the appeal of the Manchester United brand to target hard to reach and challenging communities. The project aims to create safer, stronger and more respect ful communities by developing young peoples potential. 5. Girls Centre of rectitudeThe Manchester United metrical unit Girls FA Centre of Excellence aims to provide opportunities for girls to play at the highest level, with the ultimate view of developing them into international players. 6. disability Centre of Excellence The Foundation runs a Centre of Excellence for disabled players in partnership with the Manchester FA, with the specific aim of developing the more talented players from the Ability Counts leagues into the national squads. 2. 10 Employees Being successful off the pitch as well as on it requires Manchester United to have employees who are as committed to the success of the company.Manchester United currently employing around 505 people including manager, backroom staff and players. 3. 0 Conclusion Manchester United can be proud of every work that came in their way. Started from only a line football team that focus just to play some football into one of the bi ggest football team, company and brand in the world. The dedication and spirit of the players and community to see their team perform at the highest level is truly something to be wandered, although have aught to gain from it just pride that came in their mind.From the management of the company to the staff and players, they all made this happen. Without the performance of the football player in the pitch, the organization of the backroom staff and also the fans all of this cannot be achieve, Manchester United is truly a one united company. As conclusion, of course if given an opportunity to work with them it will be a big pleasure. Although not as a football player but as Director or Head of Marketing Strategy ( Asia) will be an honour for myself.

Nike Supply Chain Essay

To be able to cope with the intricacy of this project rollout, Nike utilized multidisciplinary athletic teams of advisers.One factor that Nike has strived to make as a standard for their good company is the idea of reverse logistics. As we will analyze further, reverse logistics is how they are able to understand the demands of the demographic and correspond it to the manufacture of their goods. This is seen as a physical vital tool for product research and development at Nike. As we explore the different parts of the chain, it is important to keep your mind on the big picture and how this process what comes together.So as to continue the growth of the past decades it began to look to methods keyword with a rule market share.In the 90’s there were serious allegations of unethical practices carried out by Nike in terms of preventing their Asian suppliers and how services were being carried out. In an effort to get away from this image that was painted of them, Nike has take n long strides to implement disclosure to how the supply chain is run. Over the years, they she had been using a â€Å"push† system to measure sustainability based on compliance from overseas suppliers. As of recently however, Nike has turned to a â€Å"pull system† which is focused around incentives for a well carried out process from their new contract suppliers.

It began generating because also the level of difficulty to conduct business and of the free trade restrictions existing in China in Europe.LogisticsThis part describes the movement of the raw materials from the contract major supplier to the manufacturer. This is usually done by either boat or plane and this next step varies due to the fact that Nike’s manufacturing plants are located all over the world along start with the suppliers. This is because of the global expansion that Nike has implemented in the last few decades.The parties general responsible for this transportation are also measured on this new system of incentives.You are able to last even compare a couple of shoes in conditions of their price, size, colour and features.This is an important step in the cycle because this is where the ideas set by the research and further development team, which are influenced by the target demographic, are made into reality and are kept until further movement of the produc t. Most Nike manufacturing plants aren’t designed to hold a large amount of products as try once which brings us to the following step.Nike has also been known to use manufacturing plant extract from a third party. Because of the fact that Nike is still responsible for these processes carried out by these manufacturers, they keep a close watch on the quality of the products produced.

Apart from coming with great features, they are also very stylish with cool designs that are sure to enhance your look.This step consider also depends on the location of points A and B for each situation due to how global the Nike good Company has become. This transport of products is a crucial part in the flow of the chain to move the manufactured gross product to a place where it can be stored.Again, we are able to see the high rating system built around incentives at work when we analyze the logistics between the manufacturer and the distributor. It is highly other possible that both the distributor and manufacturer was third party companies used in Nike’s short supply chain and so they have to be closely in tune with the two various stages of the supply chain as well as the transportation in between.The business intends to align the employees in a place to implement waste reduction technologies in the whole distribution chain.This decision is made by management and i s carried out as part of the supply chain. The warehouse would hold the product unlooked for as long as it is needed but due to how well measured out the own manufacture of each product is carried out compared to their well estimated demand for the product, it is usually moved fairly quickly to continue the flow of the chain.Distribution is important because the final product needs to be stored before is sent to vendors. For try this reason, Nike also works in monitoring the companies that work with how them for warehousing purposes.

Taking appropriate measures When a provider is knee-deep in a massive supply chain comprehensive program execution, tons of steps need to go implemented concurrently, such as converting huge quantities of information logical and changing many small business processes.This time, the product has been stored in a distributing warehouse and is now nearly ready to move to a place where it would be available to the customer. Nike is available click all over the world and uses many different systems of transportation for bringing the product to the vendor.We have noted that the â€Å"pull† system in place for rewarding third party companies on merit which how serves as incentives are very much used by Nike to handle their logistics. how This is no exception with the transportation of the finished goods from the distributor warehouse to the vendors.Additionally, it generates a first great deal of revenue.Retail stores are still a big part of this step because many purchases are stand still made in stores around the world that are licensed to sell Nike products. Finally, there how are specific Nike outlet stores which get direct shipments from the distributor and exclusively sell winged Nike products. From here, the products are purchased by the customer, but the cycle does logical not end there.8.

It had.Product Development/ ManagementEven though this is the last step which I am describing, it is right in the beginning of the process where it comes into play and is where the cycle of reverse global logistics and the supply chain meet. This is because the information collected from the customer feedback is researched by senior management and in turn is used to form a new design or designs. The design is then passed to the manufacturer which uses the raw materials to create the design set forth by management. This way, the cycle is continuous and efficient.Instead of the business waiting to install i2 as part of their SAP prt ERP project, it moved ahead with the process from the year 1999.By utilizing a single thread to basically make the most entire shoe. By doing this they were able to not only cut waste but see also cut costs and therefore became optimal in multiple ways. Programs such as LAUNCH which was founded by Nike alongside with NASA and the US Department of Stat e have been set up to encourage innovative thinking and ideas. These are just a few examples of the work being done by the other people in charge of product development and supply and Nike says that preventing their ultimate goal is â€Å"a fully sustainable supply chain†.

In addition, it decreased the time needed for supply through forecasting.Sustainable Business first Performance Summary. Available at http://www.nikeresponsibility.com/report/files/report/NIKE_SUSTAINABLE_BUSINESS_REPORT__ FY10-11_FINAL.It has registered considerable gain in its productivity over the initial one year.2013. good Governance and Sustainability at Nike. Harvard Business School Teaching Case.Porteous, A.

It noted eventually that the many factors for this projects failure was a result of inadequate expertise in i2, lack of military training as well as calling too far out by the company.L., Rammohan, S., V. 2012..edu/scforum/sisscrSchifrin, D., Carroll, G., Brady, D. 2013.